Warung Bebas

Jumat, 31 Agustus 2012

Bing?s new search feature lets you browse friends? Facebook photos

ISLAMABAD (Reuters) - The Pakistani scientist who sold nuclear secrets to Iran, North Korea and Libya, may try his hand at politics to rescue a country he says has become worse than a banana republic. Abdul Qadeer Khan, still lionized as the father of Pakistan's atomic bomb despite his fall from grace in 2004, may have some appeal ahead of elections due next year. Many Pakistanis are deeply frustrated with their leaders over everything from chronic power cuts to their strategic ties with the United States, and they might welcome someone seen as a national hero on the political stage. ...

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/technology-blog/bing-search-feature-lets-browse-friends-facebook-photos-202946432.html

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How to Have a Long Life with Your Ford ... - Custom Car Detailing

Ford ExplorerReleased in the early 1990s, the Ford Explorer was among the first SUVs that were designed for the general population. Since the ?90s, the Explorer has developed a reputation for its versatility, comfort and longevity.

The Ford Explorer is engineered to operate as long as possible. However, this doesn?t make it immune to wear and tear. While your car?s lifespan is limited, you can learn how to have a long life with your Ford Explorer. Increasing your Explorer?s life is a two-part strategy: maintain it and drive it properly.

Perform Regular Maintenance

Regularly maintaining your vehicle is a simple responsibility that will dramatically extend the life of your Explorer. It will also help prevent possible mechanical issues further down the road. Consult the owner?s manual for a comprehensive maintenance schedule. Below are a few important maintenance areas:

  • Change Your Fluids ? Edmunds.com suggests that owners make it a monthly habit to check all the fluids of their cars. Learn where they are, what levels they should be at and what they should look like. Spotting a fluid issue can prevent a serious accident or malfunction in the future. Fluids to check include: oil, transmission, coolant, power steering and brake fluid. The coolant system should be entirely flushed once per year.
  • Replace Your Belts ? Belts are responsible for a number of functions within your engine. They turn the alternator, cooling fans and more. Every month, when checking your fluids, inspect all of the belts as well. If they are frayed or have holes, they are ready to be replaced.

When you do encounter a serious repair issue that you are unable to fix yourself, there is no need to rely on the mechanic to provide you with replacement parts. You are well within your rights to order the best quality parts yourself and provide them to your mechanic. You can find any part you require at http://www.partsgeek.com/models/explorer/ford.html.

Develop Life-Extending Driving Habits

Now that you are properly maintaining your vehicle, you must also properly drive it. Below are several driving habits to develop that will help you get the most time with your Explorer as possible:

  • Avoid Short Trips ? Short trips don?t provide enough time for the oil to heat up to the level necessary to boil off excess moisture. Instead, it becomes tar-like and can damage the engine. Avoid short trips whenever possible.
  • Let it Warm Up ? The fluids in your car must reach a certain temperature before they will operate effectively. Before they are warm, the transmission and the engine are susceptible to damage. Not only that, but the car is less fuel-efficient as well. If possible, let your car idle for a few moments before you leave. Take it slow for the first few miles as the fluids heat up.

Have a Long Life with Your Explorer

Extending the life of your Explorer is not difficult. It takes a dedication to regular maintenance and developing driving habits that reduce the damage done to your vehicle. With a little effort, you and your Explorer can have a long and happy life together.

Source: http://www.michiganccd.org/how-to-have-a-long-life-with-your-ford-explorer/

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Duke Energy workers honored with Awards

A total of 13 Duke Energy employees were honored?Wednesday with the company's James B. Duke Award ? the company's highest employee award for service to the company and community. The awards honor accomplishments performed in the previous year.

The 13 employees represent four individual winners and one team of nine employees.

Honored were:

  • Jessica Bishop, director, Electric Vehicle Development, Charlotte
  • Russell Wilkenloh, manager, Resource Recovery, Charlotte
  • Andre Guimaraes, Institutional Affairs, Chavantes, Brazil
  • David Masters, manager, Technology Development, Charlotte
  • Nine team members who worked on the company?s response to the mercury and other hazardous air pollution regulation (MACT/HAPS)?

The James B. Duke Award continues the company's long tradition of recognizing leadership and service in the community and the workplace.?

Winners are nominated and selected by their peers.

Here is a brief summary of the employees' accomplishments:

The MACT/HAPS team ? Brandon Delis, Cincinnati; Mike Geers, Cincinnati; Jon Hays, Plainfield, Ind.; Dave Mitchell, Charlotte; Keith Pike, Plainfield Ind.; Stephen Potter, Charlotte; Tammie Smith, Charlotte; Dan Sympson, Gallagher Station, Ind.; and Dave Waugh, Charlotte ? was honored for its work and compliance strategy concerning the MACT/HAPS regulation proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency.

Bishop was honored for her work on innovative programs as Duke Energy?s first-ever plug-in electric vehicle program director.

Wilkenloh was honored for exceeding the company?s four-year recycling goal a year early. The company worked to increase its total recycling rate to 62 percent.

Guimaraes was honored for his innovative and widespread community outreach programs in Brazil, which touched more than 100,000 residents last year.

Masters was honored for his work on the company?s smart grid developments. He helped utilize common platforms and technology to better increase communications between the company and its customers.

To learn more about Duke Energy, click here.

Copyright 2012 WBTV. All rights reserved.

Source: http://sedgefield-parkroad.wbtv.com/news/74898-duke-energy-workers-honored-awards

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Samsung Galaxy Camera and Galaxy Note 2 will come with free 50GB Dropbox

Dropbox announces that the new Samsung Galaxy lineup will come with a complimentary two-year account loaded with 50GB of storage.

Dropbox has confirmed that the new Samsung Galaxy Note 2 and Galaxy Camera will both be synced to a free cloud account, complete with 50GB of storage to start. The service will provide users with up to two years of cloud before they?re asked to fork over the monthly dues.

The Dropbox app will come pre-installed in both devices, but a special feature in the Galaxy Note 2 will automatically send every photo and video the user has in their Gallery to the connected Dropbox account. This could prove to be helpful to some, but possibly annoying to others who do not realize how much space they?re running up with every photo they take. The 50GB-added space directly available on the Galaxy Camera could be extremely resourceful, however, because that?s a ton more space than most camera owners have in their SD card anyway.

?The most important thing to us is to provide our users with the ability to have a seamless experience across the many mobile devices they use,? said Lars Fjeldsoe-Nielsen, Head of Mobile Business Development at Dropbox. ?These integrations with Samsung?s latest Wi-Fi and 4G enabled camera and Galaxy Note II means Dropbox users can rest assured their photos and videos will be with them anytime, anywhere.?

No confirmations, however, if this feature will be available to United States-based users. In June, Galaxy S3 owners were disappointed to learn that a free 48GB Dropbox was also available for the new Android, but AT&T and Verizon users were ineligible. Hopefully, the carriers can work out a deal with Dropbox by the time these new products launch so owners can take full advantage of the upcoming devices.

Source: http://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/samsung-galaxy-camera-and-galaxy-note-2-will-come-with-free-50gb-dropbox/

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Israel releases Fatah lawmaker

NABLUS (Ma'an) -- Israel on Thursday released a Palestinian MP after detaining him for 15 months without charge.

Hussam Khader's family welcomed him at the al-Jamla checkpoint, his brother Ghassan told Ma'an.

A former member of Fatah's legislative council, Hussam Khader was detained from his home in Balata refugee camp on June 2, 2011. Israel renewed his detention without charge order for a further six months in May.

Khader has been jailed by Israel 26 times and spent nine years in Israeli prisons.

Chairman of the parliamentary committee for the defense of refugees, Khader is a known champion of reconciliation with Hamas.

Source: http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=515785

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Romney tells voters to move on from Obama disappointment (reuters)

Overwhelmed by instant access to news and information? Most Americans like it

ScienceDaily (Aug. 30, 2012) ? "Information overload" may be an exaggerated way to describe today's always-on media environment. Actually, very few Americans seem to feel bogged down or overwhelmed by the volume of news and information at their fingertips and on their screens, according to a new Northwestern University study.

The study was published in the journal The Information Society.

"Little research has focused on information overload and media consumption, yet it's a concept used in public discussions to describe today's 24/7 media environment," said Eszter Hargittai, an associate professor of communication studies at Northwestern and lead author of the study.

Most of the previous literature on information overload dynamics has involved fighter pilots or battlefield commanders.

To better understand how everyday Americans perceive the amount of information available through traditional and new media, researchers recruited vacationers in Las Vegas to participate in focus groups. Seven focus groups were conducted with 77 total participants from around the country. The, small informal nature of the focus groups helped to reveal participants' strategies for finding news, entertainment and gossip.

"We found that the high volume of information available these days seems to make most people feel empowered and enthusiastic," Hargittai said. "People are able to get their news and information from a diverse set of sources and they seem to like having these options."

Most of the participants said television was their most used form of media, followed closely by websites. When asked how they felt about the amount of information available to them, few mentioned feeling overwhelmed or that they suffered from "information overload." Here are highlights of the responses:

  • Participants had near-unanimous enthusiasm about the new media environment
  • Online news was regarded more positively than TV news
  • Cable news was often criticized for its sensationalism and stream of repetitive stories
  • Trivial social media posts and opinionated political pundits are top sources of frustration when seeking information

"There's definitely some frustration with the quality of some of the information available," said Hargittai. "But these frustrations were accompanied by enthusiasm and excitement on a more general level about overall media choices."

The few participants who did feel overwhelmed were often those with low Internet skills, who haven't yet mastered social media filters and navigating search engine results, Hargittai noted.

Other authors of this study are W. Russell Neuman, professor of communication studies at the University of Michigan and Olivia Curry, a former undergraduate research assistant at Northwestern.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Northwestern University. The original article was written by Erin White.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Eszter Hargittai, W. Russell Neuman, Olivia Curry. Taming the Information Tide: Perceptions of Information Overload in the American Home. The Information Society, 2012; 28 (3): 161 DOI: 10.1080/01972243.2012.669450

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/living_well/~3/-MGRBshEInw/120830135321.htm

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Playoff surprises are looming

As best teams ? Yanks, Rangers, Nats, Reds ? nurse issues, the fall will be wild

Image: Russell Martin, Elvis AndrusAP

The Rangers and Yankees will enter the AL playoffs as the teams to beat, writes Tony DeMarco. But neither are locks to reach the ALCS.

ASK THE MLB EXPERT

By Tony DeMarco

NBCSports.com contributor

updated 11:22 a.m. ET Aug. 29, 2012

Tony DeMarco

Baseball Expert Tony DeMarco has been covering the big leagues since 1987, and been casting Hall of Fame ballots for the last 15 years. He answers questions weekly here:

Q: With there being an extra wild-card spot this year, there are a lot of teams in contention for the playoffs. But in your opinion, which team is best suited to make a long run once in the postseason?
? Bobby Franklin, New York

A: Every contender ? even the regular-season top four of the Rangers, Yankees, Reds and Nationals ? have their share of concerns and potential trouble spots. That's what will make this postseason so tough to predict ? and likelier for a relatively unexpected World Series winner to emerge.

With talent levels for the top eight or so teams being fairly equal, it will come down to which teams are playing best in October: whose stars come through with clutch performances that win games, whose starting pitching performs best, whose closer is most dominant, whose roster is healthiest and operating on all cylinders. And at this point, it's really a guessing game.

The Rangers will go in as the AL favorites, with all their offense, power bullpen and the motivation and focus sparked by consecutive World Series losses. Their rotation lacks that dominant guy, however, as keep in mind they have lost Cliff Lee, C.J. Wilson and Colby Lewis from their last two postseason rotations.

The Yankees have some health concerns right now, and those will need to be cleared up by October. Even so, you have to wonder about their No. 3-4 post-season starters, and as good a season as Rafael Soriano has had, he isn't Mariano Rivera.

Neither the Rays or Tigers would be playoff teams if the season had ended Monday, but either could be the team that gets hot. The Rays' chances are tied to their four-man rotation and lights-out, crooked-capped closer Fernando Rodney. With just enough offense, they are a solid sleeper pick.

The Tigers have underachieved to this point, and are in a fight for the playoff-qualifying lives. But there is great star power on Jim Leyland's squad, and great players can rise to the occasion in October.

I'm not picking the Nationals to win a pennant without Stephen Strasburg, so that leaves the Reds as NL favorites. They've proven they can win without Joey Votto, adding to that "this-is-our-year" feeling. The offense can be spotty at times, but there's enough of it, especially if the bullpen keeps shortening games. But Bronson Arroyo and Homer Bailey or Mike Leake will have to step up.

The Giants and Cardinals make for a dangerous next rung of top NL contenders. Everybody respects the Giants' pitching and they're playing with an edge in the wake of Melky Cabrera's suspension and all the hype surrounding the new Dodgers.

The Cardinals clearly were the NL's best team through mid-May before hitting an extended stretch of mediocrity, still have the league's most-dangerous lineup, and their pitching staff is coming together ? the exception being Lance Lynn.

For all the star power the Dodgers have added, it's very late to be expecting everything to come together so quickly, and as Don Mattingly said the other day, it likely will come down to their pitching. And there isn't enough beyond Clayton Kershaw.


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Playoff surprises are looming

??Ask the MLB Expert: As best teams ? Yanks, Rangers, Nats, Reds ? nurse issues, expect the hottest team to make a run through the playoffs.

Source: http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/48816693/ns/sports-baseball/

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California heatwaves to move toward coastal areas: Researchers reassess heatwaves against the backdrop of rising temperatures

ScienceDaily (Aug. 29, 2012) ? A new study by researchers at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, suggests that the nature of California heatwaves is changing due to global warming.

Climate researchers Alexander Gershunov and Kristen Guirguis detected a trend toward more humid heatwaves that are expressed very strongly in elevated nighttime temperatures, a trend consistent with climate change projections. Moreover, relative to local warming, the mid-summer heatwaves are getting stronger in generally cooler coastal areas. This carries implications for the millions of Californians living near the ocean whose everyday lives are acclimated to moderate temperatures.

"Heatwaves are stressful rare extremes defined relative to average temperatures," said Gershunov. "We've known for a while that humid heatwaves that are particularly hot at night are on the rise in California as the climate warms. Here, we sharpen the geographic focus to consider sub-regions of the state."

Gershunov added that in this new sharper and "non-stationary" perspective, coastal heatwaves express much more intensely than those inland where the summertime mean warming is stronger. This translates to a variety of impacts on the typically cool, un-acclimated coast.

Classic California heatwaves have been characterized as interior desert and valley events that are hot during the day and marked by dryness and strong nighttime cooling. Gershunov and Guirguis said their analysis of observations and computer model data indicates that the emerging flavor of heatwaves marked by greater humidity, greater expression in nighttime temperatures, and greater expression in coastal areas relative to the generally cooler coast are intensifying and will keep intensifying in coming decades. Both coastal and desert heatwaves will continue to be more common as climate changes relative to the past, but the desert heatwaves are becoming less intense relative to strong average warming observed and projected for the interior of the state.

The study, "California heat waves in the present and future," will appear in the American Geophysical Union journal Geophysical Research Letters.

The "non-stationary" approach reflects an acknowledgment by scientists that what has been considered extreme heat is gradually becoming commonplace. The rate of climate warming necessitates a measure of extreme heat relative to the changing average climate rather than to historical climate norms. So, instead of defining heatwaves relative to fixed temperature thresholds, the researchers projected heatwave intensity against a backdrop of increasing average summertime temperature. This causes the definition of heatwaves -- temperatures in the warmest 5 percent of summertime conditions -- to evolve with the changing climate and reflect extreme conditions relevant to the climate of the time.

"The advantage of using this evolving 'non-stationary' definition is that heatwaves remain extreme events even under much warmer climate," said Gershunov. "If they change in this evolving framework, it's because the variance of temperature is changing, not just the average."

The authors point out that the trend could precipitate a variety of changes in California's coastal communities, where stronger heat will lead to the installation of air conditioners in homes traditionally not in need of cooling. This lifestyle trend would in turn affect energy demand in coastal areas, its magnitude and timing. In the absence of technological or physiological acclimatization, high humidity and the lingering of heat through the night is expected to have strong public health implications, placing added stress on many of the more than 21 million Californians who live in coastal counties. The same would be true for animals and plants living in the highly populated and diverse coastal zone.

"This trend has important human health implications for coastal California where most of the state's population lives," said Guirguis. "Coastal communities are acclimated to cooler mean temperatures and are not well prepared for extreme heat either physiologically or technologically through air conditioning use. Populations tend to adapt to changes in their average conditions but extreme events can catch people off guard. An increase in heat wave intensity relative to average conditions could mean much more heat-related illness during heat waves unless effective heat emergency plans are implemented."

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of California - San Diego.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Alexander Gershunov, Kristen Guirguis. California heat waves in the present and future. Geophysical Research Letters, 2012; DOI: 10.1029/2012GL052979

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_environment/~3/peeVGKfy8S0/120829151243.htm

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Activists: Rebels, Syrian troops clash in Aleppo

BEIRUT (AP) ? Activists say rebels are attacking several security compounds in the northern Syrian city of Aleppo.

The Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said one of Friday's attacks targeted a compound in the neighborhood of Zahraa, killing and wounding a number of troops. It gave no figures.

Aleppo-based activist Mohammed Saeed said rebels are attacking four security buildings around Syria's largest city, using rocket launchers and machine guns.

Rebels took parts of Aleppo, Syria's commercial capital, last month. Since then, government forces have been trying to recapture them.

Activists estimate more than 20,000 people have been killed since the uprising against President Bashar Assad's regime began more than 17 months ago, turning into a civil war.

There has been fighting all over the country, including the capital, Damascus.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/activists-rebels-syrian-troops-clash-aleppo-084240625.html

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Cancer Care data breach compromises 55,000 | Healthcare IT News

INDIANAPOLIS ? On Tuesday, officials at the Indianapolis-based Cancer Care Group announced a data breach after a company laptop, containing the personal health information (PHI) of as many as 55,000 patients, was stolen.

As reported by the Indiana Business Journal, the laptop was taken from an employee?s locked vehicle on July 19. Group officials said the laptop contained patient names, addresses, date of births, Social Security numbers, medical record numbers, insurance information and possibly patient clinical data. Similar employee data was also contained on the computer. ??

[See also: 10 of the largest data breaches in 2012 ... so far.]

The laptop has yet to be found, and Cancer Care Group officials say both patients and employees have been notified of the breach. ?

A spokesman for the group has said the group is taking the necessary steps to further improve security measures.?

Is this story relevant to you?

?Cancer Care Group is encrypting all mobile media, updating policies and procedures, upgrading data storage technology, and re-educating our workforce on safety with mobile media,? said spokesman Clyde Lee, as reported by EHR Intelligence. ?Some of these steps already were underway at the time this incident occurred.?

The physician group is one of the biggest privately owned radiation oncology programs in the U.S., with 21 locations throughout the state of Indiana.

[See also: Data breaches top of mind for IT decision makers.]

The July Cancer Care Group data breach is the fourth largest data breach of 2012. It stands behind similar incidents at Utah Department of Health,involving the PHI of 780,000 individuals; Emory Healthcare, involving the PHI of an estimated 315,000 individuals; and South Carolina Department of Health, involving PHI of 228,000 individuals.?

?

Source: http://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/cancer-care-data-breach-affects-55000

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Robust and responsive data protection solutions meet encryption

In addition business continuity and disaster recovery are also an important part of the data storage and accessibility of data protection solutions. There are Government and industry-specific regulations for a number of industries, the deal with sensitive information such as customer of records. In addition, many companies have trade secrets and proprietary information, which are held at the same time at the same time accessible for authorized users must remain encrypted against theft and dangerous activities. The network systems and communication devices even have also preserved will maintain normal operations, as due to the loss or disaster response.

It forms the backbone of nearly every industry in the global economy. Everything from customer profiles to financial records and even medical data stored and used for core business functions, not to mention the many features the company run to keep. Data protection solutions are absolutely necessary to maintain business continuity. These solutions trade secrets and confidential information to protect and serve as a basis for a disaster recovery planning and execution.

Robust and responsive data protection solutions can meet requests encryption and protection, file retention and records and business continuity and disaster recovery purposes.

Efficient and responsive protection measures

In fact, have the security features and procedures to grow, to change and respond to the current economic climate and it implementations.

A current system of safeguards will take up catastrophic loss or malicious users in view of the evidence. In short, current security protocols and procedures require effective disaster recovery and business continuity. When data have not evaluated the company protection solutions, revised and updated, then all files and systems are under vulnerable to loss or compromise.

Key aspects of secure data

IT security is a multi-faceted discipline that require a comprehensive systems and robust implementations. Enterprise data growth on average between 50% and 80% annually, so a protection log, this is effective today change and grow for tomorrow.

Managed services such as remote secure, distributed computing and IT infrastructure management offer safes along with scalable resources both redundant layers of the spring.

Regulatory compliance dictates that records kept for specific periods of time. Federal and industry regulatory structures such as HIPPA, can cross-industry of legal up to include monetary supply. Also credit card companies must follow strict privacy policies. Effective data protection solutions are the backbone of the record retention and disaster recovery in the face of catastrophic loss.

Encrypted and efficient systems

Assets are running the IT resources that a company uses to their core business functions. Data protection solutions are also part of the effective use of resources and operational efficiency. Keep information and network communication and runs to secure against manipulation and resistant to file loss is of the utmost importance for operational efficiency.

If systems are experiencing downtime, disaster recovery and business continuity play an important role in ensuring this downtime become not the downfall of the company. Minimizing downtime is vital effectively executed for the management of a company. It is hard to tell that the data safely without efficient, robust and up-to-date disaster recovery and business continuity plans.

Finally, offer data protection solutions was also a comprehensive confidential file. By focusing on critical and sensitive information, the monitoring of the safety of important files is second nature. Quick to respond to changing circumstances is a trademark of the effective guarantees.

A total data protection solutions offer numerous advantages over beyond simple file security. Reliable systems form the basis of business continuity, disaster recovery, storage, resource utilization, operational efficiency and accessibility of information.

Source: http://www.chogmprotest.org/robust-and-responsive-data-protection-solutions-meet-encryption.html

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Kamis, 30 Agustus 2012

CUFI: Keep Israel the focus of US Elections http://t.co/Yfi9isQZ

CUFI: Keep Israel the focus of US Elections | Mondoweiss mondoweiss.net

Today, Christians United for Israel sent out an email from John Hagee and David Brog asking supporters to advocate keeping the focus on Israel during the 2012 Presidential election season.

Source: http://www.facebook.com/mondoweiss/posts/10151174422753162

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Meet Our Personal Trainers ? CSU REC

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Travis Lombardozzi is one of our personal trainers at the CSU Rec Center. Travis is currently a Physical Education major at CSU. He?s certified through the Aerobics and Fitness Association of America (AFAA). He specializes in superset training, isometric training and negative sets.

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We talked with Travis recently so he could tell us a little bit about his history with personal training:

?As a trainer i often find myself working individually with clients or training a wide variety of members during our various group exercise classes. My favorite part of being a?personal trainer?is instructing, motivating and?assisting members in reaching their specific fitness goals. Goal obtaining and long-term health and fitness is the reason why i decided to become a personal trainer. The friendships you gain and the successes you obtain make showing up to ?work? every day an easy task.?

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Interested in finding out more information about personal training? Visit CSU Rec today!

Source: http://blog.csurec.com/2012/08/29/meet-our-personal-trainers-2/

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Small family size increases the wealth of descendants but reduces evolutionary success

Small family size increases the wealth of descendants but reduces evolutionary success

Wednesday, August 29, 2012

Scientists have taken a step closer to solving one of life's mysteries ? why family size generally falls as societies become richer.

Evolutionary biologists have long puzzled over this because natural selection is expected to have selected for organisms that try to maximise their reproduction. But in industrialised societies around the world, increasing wealth coincides with people deliberately limiting their family size ? the so-called 'demographic transition'.

In a study published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, researchers from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, the Centre for Health Equity Studies (Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet) and UCL (University College London) reject a popular theory put forward to explain the phenomenon. This 'adaptive' hypothesis proposes that low fertility may boost evolutionary success in the long term by increasing offspring wealth, which in turn eventually increases the number of long-term descendants because richer offspring end up having more children.

The researchers found that having a small number of children increased the economic success and social position of descendants across up to four generations, but reduced the total number of long-term descendants. They conclude that the decision to limit family size can be understood as a strategic choice to improve the socioeconomic success of children and grandchildren in modern societies, but this socioeconomic benefit does not necessarily translate into an evolutionary benefit.

The study indicates a conflict in modern societies between behaviours promoting social and economic benefits versus biological success. This contrasts with traditional populations in the developing world, where behaviours that promote wealth and social status usually lead individuals to leave behind more genetic descendants.

The researchers tested these hypotheses using data from the Uppsala Multigenerational Birth Cohort Study, which tracks 14,000 people born in Sweden in the early 1900s and all their descendants to the present day.

They measured the socioeconomic success of each generation by looking at their school marks, at whether they went to university and at their household income across adulthood. Reproductive success was assessed by survival to adulthood, marriage before age 40 (a proxy for 'mating success') and fertility (number of offspring up to 2009).

Among both male and female children in the original cohort, smaller family size and higher parental socioeconomic position were both associated with substantially higher school marks, university entrance and income. These effects were particularly large when low fertility and high socioeconomic status coincided, with the benefits of small family size being particularly marked in wealthier groups. Moreover, these advantages were in turn passed on to the grandchild and great-grandchild generations.

But contrary to the adaptive hypothesis, small family size and high parental wealth either did not affect reproductive success beyond the first generation of offspring or if anything showed a negative effect in subsequent generations.

Lead author Dr Anna Goodman, Research Fellow at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, said: "Under natural selection, you would expect organisms to use their resources to produce more genetic descendants, and so increase their Darwinian fitness. The demographic transition is a puzzle because at first sight it doesn't look like people are doing this. One adaptive explanation for the puzzle is that there exists a quantity-quality trade-off, such that having more children leads to those children being less able to reproduce in turn ? i.e. higher 'quantity' leads to lower biological 'quality'. However our study found this quantity-quality trade off only applied to descendants' socioeconomic success, not their reproductive success."

Co-author Dr David Lawson, from the Department of Anthropology at UCL, said: "One of our most interesting findings is that being from an initially wealthy household makes the benefits of small family size even bigger. Poorer households in contrast have relatively little to gain by limiting fertility, perhaps because the success of their children is more determined by broader societal factors, rather than investment and inheritance from parents, which is in short supply. This observation suggests a certain economic rationality to fertility patterns in the modern world, since fertility rates often drop first and most substantially in the wealthier sections of society when populations undergo demographic transition."

Professor Ilona Koupil, from the Centre for Health Equity Studies (Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet) said: "It is important to note the equity implications of these findings. First, this research indicates that differences in family size may have lasting consequences on social inequalities. Second, this research provides evidence for the fact that people's educational levels and wealth not only affect schoolmarks and income in their children but also in their grandchildren and great-grandchildren. From a broader social policy perspective, our findings show that even in a country like Sweden with relatively low levels of inequality, we need policies that seek to equalise children's opportunities across families."

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London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine: http://www.lshtm.ac.uk

Thanks to London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine for this article.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/123048/Small_family_size_increases_the_wealth_of_descendants_but_reduces_evolutionary_success_

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Pappapc Computer Home Business $100 Per Hour, Business ...

Investing in the future

Greg Grant is serious about education and passionate about his new role as the director for the Russellville Adult Education Center (RAEC). After 28 years of working as a coach, a teacher and administrator in the public school system, Grant was ready for a new challenge.

Equity Research on Teradata Corp. and International Business Machines Corp. - Diversified Computer Systems Wining ...

NEW YORK, NY-- - www.ShinesRooms.com has a handpicked team of market professionals with over 100 years of combined investing experience. Today they are providing members comprehensive research on the Diversified ...

Cramer's 'Mad Money' Recap: Using the Right Investment Tools

Search Jim Cramer's "Mad Money" trading recommendations using our exclusive "Mad Money" Stock Screener. This program last aired on Aug. 6. ... Click to view a price quote on AAPL . Click to research the Computer Hardware industry.

Top 3 Ways Companies Are Investing in Big Data

To a few, 2012 is the year of the cloud. To everyone else, 2012 is the year of big data. A hot buzzword, ?big data has become viable as cost-effective approaches have emerged to tame the volume, velocity and variability ? Continue reading ?

McDonald Computer Corporation Receives SSAE 16 Certification

McDonald Computer Corporation, a leading mortgage servicing technology provider, announced today that the company recently completed its SSAE 16 SOC 1 report. The SSAE (Statements

The perils of do-it-yourself investing

Since the trauma of the financial crisis, the average joe investor has been playing it safe with his portfolio. However,

Schools investing millions in computers that are transforming education

A generation ago, Cumberland County students learned by sitting at their desks with textbooks and listening to a teacher at the blackboard. Those days are over, replaced by electronic "smart" white boards, laptop computers and social networking.

Experts hope to shield cars from computer viruses

By Jim Finkle BOSTON (Reuters) - A team of top hackers working for Intel Corp's (NSQ:INTC) security division toil away in a West Coast garage searching for electronic bugs that could make automobiles vulnerable ...

Insight: Experts hope to shield cars from computer viruses

By Jim Finkle BOSTON (Reuters) - A team of top hackers working for Intel Corp's security division toil away in a West Coast garage searching for electronic bugs that could make automobiles vulnerable to ...

Investing Tips for a Volatile Market

I can't blame you if you are spooked by today's investing climate. Memories of the May 6, 2010, "flash crash" were just starting to fade. As I am sure you will recall, on that fateful day, the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped by an astounding 1000 points (initially) in 16 minutes. According to the New York Times, almost a trillion dollars of value disappeared. Stocks of major blue-chip ...

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For Your Eyes Only: Swedish Bond gala criticized

STOCKHOLM (AP) ? James Bond is causing a ruckus in Sweden.

Sweden's prime minister has urged the heads of government agencies to control their spending on staff parties after the SAPO security service admitted it held a James Bond-themed bash for 4.3 million kroner ($650,000).

The Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter reported that SAPO threw the party for its 1,000 staff in June 2011, featuring roulette tables, a tuxedo-clad orchestra playing Bond film music, and song, dance and comedy performances by Swedish artists.

The report, following a string of articles about spending binges at government agencies, exposed SAPO to both ridicule and criticism.

Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt told the paper Wednesday that agency chiefs "are well paid, they should know better."

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/aa9398e6757a46fa93ed5dea7bd3729e/Article_2012-08-29-Sweden-Bond%20Party/id-d126419359164aaf9e86a73bb9692463

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Droidax Power Pack for the Samsung Galaxy S3

Droidax Power Pack for Samsung Galaxy S3.

The Samsung Galaxy S3 gets a good Mophie-style case/ch?arger combo, with one major concern

Like many a first wife in Texas has said, you can never have too much power. (At least that's what I assume first wives in Texas say. But then again I watch a lot of "Dallas.") To that end, we present the Droidax Power Pack for the Samsung Galaxy S3.

If this idea looks familiar, it should. It's in the same vein as arguably the most important iPhone accessory -- the Mophie Juicepack. This is a dual-function accessory -- it's a case and an external 2300 mAh battery combined, prolonging life in more ways than one.

Piqued your interest yet?

Read on for some more thoughts.

read more



Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/androidcentral/~3/oZbtUjB1X1E/story01.htm

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5 Steps to Selfless Selfishness! ? Think Like A Black Belt: The Blog!

Years ago I learned that the least selfish thing you can do for others is to improve your Self. Why?

Because?A better you is more valuable to everyone around you.?

Not everyone would agree?why not?

Because:

  • Genuine self-improvement is hard work that takes a lot of time and energy
  • Working on your Self can sometimes be perceived as taking time away from others
  • Some people do become so obsessive they forget about other people
  • Some people are simply jealous of people who are growing and developing
  • Others may not know how to nourish their own growth and find it difficult to be around someone who does.

As long as you combine personal development with sharing- no problem! That is, as you grow and improve be sure to share that new and improved you with others. Also be sure to support others in their growth and development just as they support you.

I?ll be cold and to the point:?

If you are in a relationship or friendship with someone who does not encourage and support your personal development, you?re in the wrong relationship or you?ve got the wrong friend. That doesn?t mean there?s anything necessarily wrong with the other person; you just might not be a good match. If you truly want to grow and expand yourself in life, choose the company you keep carefully?

?as well as the company you work for. You spend a great deal of your life at work. If you?re not growing and developing in your job you might want to choose a different path; unless you?re using your current job to provide a means of support as you explore other means of personal growth.

As I said, personal development can be selfish work. You?ve got to make sure you have time to yourself to learn, practice, develop new skills and explore new adventures. Here are the 5 Steps I promised you:

#1: Take a selfish inventory of your authentic needs and desires. Where are you now and where do you want to be?

#2: Schedule selfish time. This means schedule time free from interruptions. This way you can be fully focused on yourself at those times. Believe it or not, this will also leave you with more time to fully engage with others.

#3: Selfishly fit other people into your plans. How do the other people in your life fit into your plans, dreams and schemes? Find people who are supportive and encouraging and don?t be afraid to solicit help and support.

#4: Selfishly support others. Dedicate time and energy to support the people who support you. When you?re both (or all) growing individually, you?re creating a powerful partnership or team.

#5: Be selfishly relentless. Perseverance is key to personal development. Continually analyze your progress. Determine where you need to improve more. Decide where your time is best focused and go for it. Decide that nothing will stop you in your pursuit of personal excellence?

?it is that excellence that you will eventually share with the world.?

THIS WEEK ONLY!

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CONVENTION WATCH: Convention kiss, praising mom

U.S. Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney hugs his wife Ann after she addressed the Republican National Convention in Tampa, Fla., on Tuesday, Aug. 28, 2012. (AP Photo/Charlie Neibergall)

U.S. Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney hugs his wife Ann after she addressed the Republican National Convention in Tampa, Fla., on Tuesday, Aug. 28, 2012. (AP Photo/Charlie Neibergall)

New Jersey Governor Chris Christie addresses the Republican National Convention in Tampa, Fla., on Tuesday, Aug. 28, 2012. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)

Former Pennsylvania Senator Rick Santorum gives a thumbs up to delegates after his speech during the Republican National Convention in Tampa, Fla., on Tuesday, Aug. 28, 2012. (AP Photo/Charlie Neibergall)

Kyle Welch from Cambridge, Mass., cheer as his 1-year-old daughter Lillian sleeps during the Republican National Convention in Tampa, Fla., on Tuesday, Aug. 28, 2012. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

Delegates gather in the Tampa Bay Times Forum during the Republican National Convention in Tampa, Fla., on Tuesday, Aug. 28, 2012. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

(AP) ? Around the 2012 Republican National Convention and its host city with journalists from The Associated Press bringing the flavor and details to you:

__

THERE HE IS

The song playing was "My Girl" by The Temptations as Mitt Romney made his first appearance at the Republican National Convention to congratulate his wife, Ann, after her speech Tuesday night.

They kissed. He grinned. She grinned. The crowd roared. The whole thing lasted less than 30 seconds. And the newly minted GOP presidential nominee was gone ? at least for the moment.

? Ted Anthony ? Twitter http://www.twitter.com/anthonyted

___

THEY GOT THE MEMO

The GOP convention's Tuesday theme is "We Built It," and nearly every speaker is hitting that note.

A sampling:

"Mitt Romney was not handed success. He built it." ? Ann Romney, wife of the nominee.

"No guarantees. No government there to hold your hand. Just a dream and the desire to do better. President Obama doesn't get this. He can't fix the economy because he doesn't know how it was built." ? House Speaker John Boehner.

"They tell us we didn't build our businesses. That somebody else made it happen. They tell us not to dream, but to settle. You and I know America is better than that." ? Nevada Gov. Brian Sandoval.

"Big government didn't build America: You built America! Small businesses don't come out of Washington, D.C., pre-made on flatbed trucks." ? Virginia Gov. Bob McDonnell.

? Connie Cass ?Twitter http://twitter.com/ConnieCass

___

HONORING MOM

Directly on the heels of Ann Romney's outreach to women, New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie is crafting his speech, too, around a woman ? his mother.

Christie says it was his mother who taught him the key lessons of life ? including, Christie says, that sometimes it's more important to be respected than loved. Christie said his mother was the family's enforcer.

The Republican nominee, Mitt Romney, is believed to be lagging President Barack Obama in gaining women's votes. It's probably no coincidence that so much focus on this key night of the Republican convention is devoted to praising ? indeed, lauding ? strong women.

? Sally Buzbee

___

WE BUILT IT

Two business people who spoke to the Republican convention's "we built it" theme also received some help from Uncle Sam.

Phil Archuletta of New Mexico-based P&M Signs assailed the Obama administration for nearly "putting us out of business" because of changes in procurement rules. He also lamented that "nothing happened" from his requests for stimulus money. A review of government data found P&M Signs received more than $340,000 in federal stimulus contracts under President Barack Obama.

Another speaker, Sher Valenzuela, took aim at government involvement in business. She received $17 million in federal contracts and loans, the liberal watchdog Media Matters first reported Tuesday.

One of the convention's themes is that small-business owners created their success through their own hard work, not by reliance on government. It's a dig at Obama's much-maligned remarks that entrepreneurs rely on government-supported infrastructure that they "didn't build."

? Jack Gillum ? Twitter http://twitter.com/jackgillum

___

QUICKQUOTE: CHRIS CHRISTIE

"I don't want my children and grandchildren to have to read in a history book what it was like to live in an American Century." ? New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie, delivering the keynote speech Tuesday night at the Republican National Convention.

__

ANN ON MITT

"This man will not fail." ? Ann Romney, on her husband.

___

SANTORUM GLIMPSES

In a tightly controlled convention, there are surprisingly few echoes or reminders of the long and sometimes chaotic Republican primary fight that dominated political news coverage in the first part of the year. But former Sen. Rick Santorum's speech gave a rare flashback to that primary fight.

On a night when many speakers focused on the ailing economy and how to best fix it, Santorum took a different tack and focused mostly on social issues such as single parenthood, the Education Department and welfare. Another reminder of those winter and early spring primaries: the proud smiles of two of his daughters ? so often seen as the daughters stood behind him as he talked.

This time, the daughters were in the audience, but their proud, fond smiles as their father spoke were a vivid reminder of the primary days.

? Sally Buzbee

___

JUST HANGING AROUND

The balloons are ready.

They won't fall to the convention floor in vivid red, blue and white disarray until Mitt Romney gives his acceptance speech on Thursday night. But they're waiting ? tied up in big nets hanging high from the ceiling of the Forum in Tampa where Republican National Convention delegates are meeting.

Volunteers helped tie the balloons and lifted them to the ceiling before the convention started. Nestled among them are some huge, white beach ball-looking balloons ? it will be interesting to see how those fall.

? Sally Buzbee

______

QUICKQUOTE: ANN ROMNEY

"We're too smart to know there aren't easy answers. But we're not dumb enough to accept that there aren't better answers. And that is where this boy I met at a high school dance comes in. His name is Mitt Romney and you should really get to know him." ? Ann Romney, in her convention address, speaking about her husband.

___

ENCOURAGING WORDS

A quick exchange between Mitt and Ann Romney, at their hotel before they left for the convention hall:

Mitt Romney: "Break a leg ? you'll do great"

Ann Romney: "I am excited. I am not nervous."

? Kasie Hunt ? http://twitter.com/kasie

___

FADING DREAM?

The Republican Party's convention speeches are putting emphasis on restoring the American Dream. People's faith in the concept does seem to be fading.

A Pew Research Center poll released Monday found 63 percent say "most people who want to get ahead can make it if they're willing to work hard," down from a high of 74 percent in 1999.

Another third say hard work is no guarantee of success.

? Jennifer Agiesta ? Twitter http://twitter.com/jennagiesta

___

ROMNEY ALL BUT IGNORED

The rivalry between Rick Santorum and Mitt Romney calmed enough for Romney to give his one-time bitter rival a speaking slot at his nominating convention. It didn't calm enough for Santorum to have much positive to say about his Republican Party's presumptive presidential nominee.

Santorum, the former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania who was the final obstacle between Romney and enough delegates to capture the nomination, only mentioned Romney at the tail end of his speech on the first night of the party's convention. Judging from his speech, he still doesn't have a lot good to say about the man he once called "''the worst Republican in the country to put up against Barack Obama."

Santorum's speech script ran 1,150 words before he uttered Romney's name.

After? Just 28 words were scripted before Santorum exited the stage.

? Philip Elliott ? Twitter http://twitter.com/philip_elliott

___

'WE DIDN'T LET GO'

Former Pennsylvania Sen. Rick Santorum told the story of his 4-year-old daughter Bella, born with a serious genetic condition. Doctors advised the Santorums that Bella wouldn't live long and they should "prepare to let her go."

"We didn't let go, and today Bella is full of life and she has made our lives and countless others much more worth living," he said.

In his speech to the Republican convention, the former presidential candidate related Bella's story to the party's anti-abortion stance:

"I thank God that America still has one party that reaches out their hands in love to lift up all of God's children ? born and unborn ? and says that each of us has dignity and all of us have the right to live the American Dream."

? Connie Cass ?Twitter http://twitter.com/ConnieCass

___

WHAT THE CAMERA DOESN'T SHOW

Ever wonder what really happens on the floor during a political convention? Is everyone really sitting there rapt, hanging on the speaker of the hour's every word.

No, actually. Big parts of the convention are taken up by kibitzing. It's the real action at conventions.

True, the delegates do pay attention to the speeches, and they cheer especially when a particularly good speaker comes on or when it's someone from their home state. But the aisles are also thronged with people talking, catching up with friends or buttonholing officials to get their ear.

And the walkways behind the arena are even busier ? filled with people chatting, arranging meetings, grabbing food and looking for famous faces.

And unlike a basketball or hockey game, almost no one ever shouts "down in front."

? Sally Buzbee

___

'I SHOOK THE HAND OF THE AMERICAN DREAM'

Rick Santorum, the candidate who waged the most persistent challenge to Mitt Romney's nomination, says campaigning across America convinced him the American Dream can be restored:

"Why? I held its hand. I shook the hand of the American Dream. And it has a strong grip," Santorum told the Republican National Convention.

"I shook hands of farmers and ranchers who made America the bread basket of the world. ...

"I grasped dirty hands with scars that come from years of labor in the oil and gas fields, mines and mills. ...

"I clasped hands of men and women in uniform and their families. Hands that sacrifice and risk all to protect and keep us free. ....

"I held hands that are in want. Hands looking for the dignity of a good job, hands growing weary of not finding one but refusing to give up hope."

? Connie Cass ?Twitter http://twitter.com/ConnieCass

___

THE NON-EVENT?

Media strategist Fred Davis, who advised GOP Sen. John McCain in his 2008 presidential run, remembers watching the conventions with his parents "until my eyes couldn't stay open any longer." They were highly scripted even back then, but they somehow felt like more of an "event."

This year, Davis didn't even bother leaving his Santa Barbara, Calif., home to attend the Republican National Convention

"It's not getting more intimate," he says. "It's getting less."

Davis says the "worst speech I ever gave in my life" was one he delivered to a high school in Tulsa, Okla. His mistake: Working from a text.

Davis says making someone like New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie work with a teleprompter in Tampa, Fla., "strikes me as a mistake."

"You have one of the great from-the-heart speakers in the world," he says. "Chris Christie will do fine, because he's a very skilled orator. But it won't be what it could have been ... and the reason is they want to control every word that he says."

? Allen G. Breed ? Twitter http://twitter.com/AllenGBreed

___

WALKER LOVE

Some Republican office holders are more popular than others with their party.

Each speaker Tuesday night got enthusiastic applause. But as Gov Scott Walker of Wisconsin took the stage, the Forum in Tampa erupted into a standing ovation. Walker is a hero to his party and to conservatives nationwide after surviving a recall effort in his state in a bitter fight with Democrats. Walker tussled with Democrats in his state over multiple issues, including collective bargaining rights for public employees.

? Sally Buzbee

___

NOMINATION BY THE NUMBERS

The final delegate vote tally from the Republican National Convention on Tuesday:

?Mitt Romney: 2,061

?Ron Paul: 190

?Rick Santorum: 9

?Jon Huntsman: 1

?Michelle Bachmann: 1

?Buddy Roemer: 1

?Abstained/undecided/did not vote: 23

___

? Stephen Ohlemacher ? Twitter http://twitter.com/stephenatAP

___

EMPTY STREETS

Downtown Tampa business owners once saw the Republican National Convention as an opportunity to make a profit. Now they're just hoping to break even.

That's because Tampa's streets are deserted, its restaurants nearly empty, thanks to a delay in convention activities caused by nasty weather, and tight security that makes getting around downtown akin to navigating a labyrinth.

"This has been a ghost town," business owner Jeff Morzella said Tuesday, standing outside his restaurant named FRESH.

Streets surrounding his locale were barricaded. The biggest source of downtown traffic for the past few days has been police officers on bicycles, but they have been eating at meal stations catered by outsiders, not local restaurants, Morzella said. Still, Tampa Mayor Bob Buckhorn is optimistic that by the end of the week, economic gains will outweigh losses.

"I think when we're all said and done with this, this will have a huge economic impact on the city," he said.

? Mike Schneider ? Twitter http://twitter.com/mikeschneiderap

___

IN SICKNESS AND IN HEALTH

Americans listening to Ann Romney's speech Tuesday night may relate to her story of love and its challenges.

Though the share of Americans who are married has declined in the last half century, many have found wedded happiness and see love as the central feature of a marriage. A 2010 Pew Research Center/Time poll found that 93 percent of married adults said love was a vital reason they got married. And most single Americans said love was the most important reason to get married. In that same year's General Social Survey, 63 percent of married people described their marriages as "very happy."

Married women typically make up about a third of voters in presidential election years, according to exit polling. In 2008, they broke 51 percent for John McCain to 47 percent for Barack Obama. The group last supported a Democrat in 1996, when 48 percent backed Clinton, 43 percent Dole and 7 percent Perot. Unmarried women, though, break solidly in favor of Democrats: Seventy percent of them backed Obama in 2008.

Mrs. Romney's experience with breast cancer could resonate with a sizable share of the public as well. A Gallup/USA Today poll in 2011 found that 78 percent of Americans know someone who has had breast cancer. Nearly half of women have either had the disease themselves or seen a close friend or family member fall victim.

? Jennifer Agiesta ? Twitter http://twitter.com/jennagiesta

___

'A REAL MARRIAGE'

Ann Romney will take to the Republican National Convention stage to proclaim her marriage is just like everyone else's ? contrary to glamorous depictions she's seen written about her and her husband.

"A storybook marriage? No, not at all. What Mitt Romney and I have is a real marriage," she says in excerpts of her speech released before its delivery later Tuesday. "At every turn in his life, this man I met at a high school dance, has helped lift up others."

In the fairytales she's read, Romney said, there were never "long, rainy winter afternoons in a house with five boys screaming at once. And those storybooks never seemed to have chapters called 'MS'" ? multiple sclerosis ? "or 'Breast Cancer.'"

? Jack Gillum ? Twitter http://twitter.com/jackgillum

___

THE ALSO-RANS

They're long gone from the presidential race, but not totally forgotten.

Jon Huntsman picked up a delegate from Texas during Tuesday's roll call of states.

So did Michele Bachmann and Rick Santorum.

Even Buddy Roemer ? the little-noticed candidate who ran this year first as a Republican, then as an independent ? was rewarded with a single delegate when Texas doled out its votes.

Despite the hard-fought primary, Bachmann, for her part, professed no hard feelings.

"Congratulations to (at)MittRomney, Republican Nominee for President!" she wrote on Twitter, minutes after Romney officially clinched the nomination.

? Josh Lederman ? Twitter http://twitter.com/joshledermanAP

__

ROMNEY THE NOMINEE

The state of Alabama pronounced itself "on the move." American Samoa touted itself as "the only American soil in the Southern Hemisphere."

They and more than 30 of the union's other states and territories have already cast their delegates to Mitt Romney, and at this moment ? just over two months before Election Day ? he has been officially nominated as the Republican Party's presidential candidate.

New Jersey was the state that put Romney over the top. Romney is expected to accept the nomination Thursday night on the Republican convention's final night.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2012-08-28-RNC-Convention%20Watch-Package/id-9bc56bee22de4f699418df994432322b

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Computer viruses could take a lesson from showy peacocks

Computer viruses could take a lesson from showy peacocks [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 29-Aug-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Layne Cameron
layne.cameron@cabs.msu.edu
517-353-8819
Michigan State University

EAST LANSING, Mich. Computer viruses are constantly replicating throughout computer networks and wreaking havoc. But what if they had to find mates in order to reproduce?

In the current issue of Evolution, Michigan State University researchers created the digital equivalent of spring break to see how mate attraction played out through computer programs, said Chris Chandler, MSU postdoctoral researcher at MSU's BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action.

"This is actually a big question that still generates a lot of debate," said Chandler, who co-authored the study with Ian Dworkin, assistant professor of zoology, and Charles Ofria, associate professor of computer science and engineering. "People have some good ideas, but they can be hard to test really well in nature, so we decided to take a different approach."

The novel approach involved creating promiscuous programs in a virtual world called Avida, a software environment in which specialized computer programs compete and reproduce. Because mutations happen when Avidians copy themselves, which lead to differences in reproductive rates, these digital organisms evolve, just like living things, added Ofria, who created Avida.

The researchers programed the Avidians with the ability to grow sexual displays e-peacock tails of sorts. They also allowed them to choose mates randomly. As the researchers predicted, they usually went for the showiest mates. But why?

"One school of thought argues that the main benefit of choosing an attractive partner is that your offspring also will be sexy," said Dworkin. "In the other camp are those who argue that these sexual ornaments are a sign of good health, and so choosing a showy mate ensures that you'll get good genes to pass on to your offspring."

Traditionally, biologists thought that ornamental displays clue in potential mates about an individual's virility because the structures are costly, biologically speaking; only an animal in really good health could bear the burden they impose. So the researchers altered Avidians' genetic code to allow them to grow exaggerated displays practically for free.

They expected this change to diminish the evolutionary benefits of preferring showy mates, since even the wimpiest of Avidians could now grow enormous digital tail feathers.

"I was surprised when we didn't find that at all," Chandler said. "Even when we eliminated the costs of these displays, they still evolved to be an indicator of a male's genetic quality."

###

MSU's BEACON Center is funded by the National Science Foundation.

Michigan State University has been working to advance the common good in uncommon ways for more than 150 years. One of the top research universities in the world, MSU focuses its vast resources on creating solutions to some of the world's most pressing challenges, while providing life-changing opportunities to a diverse and inclusive academic community through more than 200 programs of study in 17 degree-granting colleges.



[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Computer viruses could take a lesson from showy peacocks [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 29-Aug-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Layne Cameron
layne.cameron@cabs.msu.edu
517-353-8819
Michigan State University

EAST LANSING, Mich. Computer viruses are constantly replicating throughout computer networks and wreaking havoc. But what if they had to find mates in order to reproduce?

In the current issue of Evolution, Michigan State University researchers created the digital equivalent of spring break to see how mate attraction played out through computer programs, said Chris Chandler, MSU postdoctoral researcher at MSU's BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action.

"This is actually a big question that still generates a lot of debate," said Chandler, who co-authored the study with Ian Dworkin, assistant professor of zoology, and Charles Ofria, associate professor of computer science and engineering. "People have some good ideas, but they can be hard to test really well in nature, so we decided to take a different approach."

The novel approach involved creating promiscuous programs in a virtual world called Avida, a software environment in which specialized computer programs compete and reproduce. Because mutations happen when Avidians copy themselves, which lead to differences in reproductive rates, these digital organisms evolve, just like living things, added Ofria, who created Avida.

The researchers programed the Avidians with the ability to grow sexual displays e-peacock tails of sorts. They also allowed them to choose mates randomly. As the researchers predicted, they usually went for the showiest mates. But why?

"One school of thought argues that the main benefit of choosing an attractive partner is that your offspring also will be sexy," said Dworkin. "In the other camp are those who argue that these sexual ornaments are a sign of good health, and so choosing a showy mate ensures that you'll get good genes to pass on to your offspring."

Traditionally, biologists thought that ornamental displays clue in potential mates about an individual's virility because the structures are costly, biologically speaking; only an animal in really good health could bear the burden they impose. So the researchers altered Avidians' genetic code to allow them to grow exaggerated displays practically for free.

They expected this change to diminish the evolutionary benefits of preferring showy mates, since even the wimpiest of Avidians could now grow enormous digital tail feathers.

"I was surprised when we didn't find that at all," Chandler said. "Even when we eliminated the costs of these displays, they still evolved to be an indicator of a male's genetic quality."

###

MSU's BEACON Center is funded by the National Science Foundation.

Michigan State University has been working to advance the common good in uncommon ways for more than 150 years. One of the top research universities in the world, MSU focuses its vast resources on creating solutions to some of the world's most pressing challenges, while providing life-changing opportunities to a diverse and inclusive academic community through more than 200 programs of study in 17 degree-granting colleges.



[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-08/msu-cvc082912.php

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